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Apgar Visitor Center is open all year and is located at the foot of Lake McDonald, 2 miles north of West Glacier. During November through March it is open on weekends only. Rangers are available to answer questions and assist with trip planning needs. Logan Pass Visitor Center is open early June through mid-October. It is located in the center of Glacier National Park. 18 miles west of St. Mary, MT. Exhibits include highlights of the alpine ecosystem which covers almost 1/3 of Glacier National Park. Rangers are on duty to answer questions and assist with trip planning. The St. Mary Visitor Center is open May through mid-October and is located in St. Mary, MT. Rangers are on duty to answer questions and assist with trip planning here also. Ranger activities include evening slide programs, guided hikes, boat tours, and all day hikes.

The Lewis Overthrust of Waterton/Glacier provides scientists with insight about the massive dynamics of geologic processes that are going on today in other parts of the world, such as the Andes and the Himalaya Mountains. Because of the high degree of preservation of the original rock characteristics, the recent glacial sculpturing of the rocks, and the access by roads and trails, this major geologic structure in Waterton/Glacier Park is available for study by scientists from around the world. The Lewis Overthrust began 170 million years ago, when a collision of the Earth’s crustal plates elevated numerous mountain chains and formed the ancestral Rocky Mountains. Ever-increasing stresses near the end of this great event shoved a huge rock wedge, several miles thick and several hundred miles wide, eastward more than 50 miles. Large masses of relatively stronger rocks were shoved over softer and more easily deformed rocks. Erosion stripped away the upper part of the original rock wedge and exposed the rocks and structures visible in the park today. Rarely have rocks of such ancient age been thrust over rocks that are so much younger. The overlying Proterozoic rocks are over 1,500 million years older than the underlying Cretaceous age rocks. Thus, the Lewis Overthrust is significant as a structural feature, for the extent of lateral displacement (up to 80 kilometers), and because it has functioned to expose ancient sediments possessing an unparalleled degree of preservation.

Mt. Cleveland is the park’s tallest peak, listed at 10,466 feet, and more than one hundred other summits rise above 8,000 feet. The Livingston Range lies in the park’s northwest corner, trending northwest to southeast, and the parallel Lewis Range lies to the east of the Livingston Range. McDonald and Waterton Valleys formed in the bottom of the trough, along the Flathead Fault, near the western park boundary. The stretching of the landscape caused land on the west side of the fault to separate and tilt. The resulting “half-graben” trough is now occupied by the North and lower Middle Forks of the Flathead River.

The beautiful banding of the sedimentary layers in Glacier’s mountains is due to changes in conditions of the shallow seas where they were originally deposited. The shapes of Glacier’s peaks were carved relatively recently. Visible to the observer today are stunning amphitheater-like cirque basins and broad U-shaped valleys, formed initially through glacial activity dating to the last ice age, and knife-edged aretes and pyramid-shaped peaks shaped by more recent erosional forces.

Of particular scenic and geologic note is Chief Mountain, a spectacular monolith towering above the prairie along the eastern margin of Waterton/Glacier. Chief Mountain is an erosionally isolated remnant of the eastern edge of the upper plate of the Lewis Overthrust — a feature known as a Klippen ranking with the Matterhorn as an example of this structural and erosional phenomenon. Most of the rocks exposed in the park are sedimentary rocks of Proterozoic age, which were deposited from 1,600 to 800 million years ago. Rocks of that age in other parts of the world have been greatly altered by mountain building processes and no longer exhibit their original characteristics. These virtually unaltered Proterozoic rocks of Waterton/Glacier are unique in that they have preserved the subtle features of sedimentation such as ripple marks, mud cracks, salt-crystal casts, raindrop impressions, oolites, six species of fossil algae, mudchip breccias, and many other bedding characteristics. These Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, while outcropping over an area extending from southern Montana to southern British Columbia, are most impressively exposed in Waterton/Glacier. Due to the extreme relief and unexcelled exposures, over 2,100 meters of stratigraphic thickness is exposed to scientific examination. These features plus their chemical characteristics make the Proterozoic sediments of Glacier and Waterton National Parks unique for studying the physical and chemical conditions that existed on the Earth over a billion years ago. Such information is of great importance to scientists in understanding the stability or changes of the Earth s climates through geologic time. The recent glacial carving of these rocks has left them unusually fresh and beautifully exposed.

The glaciers in Glacier National Park today are all geologically new having formed in the last few thousand years. Presently, all the glaciers in the park are shrinking. More snow melts each summer than accumulates each winter. Geologists theorize that about 20,000 years ago the climate became cooler and/or wetter. This allowed for the formation of huge glaciers that filled the valleys with thousands of feet of ice. Imagine the valleys of Glacier National Park filled with ice, and just the tops of the highest peaks sticking out. These giant rivers of ice sculpted the mountains and valleys into their present appearance. Today’s glaciers are carving at the mountains as well. Although smaller, they work in the same way as the larger glaciers of the past, and teach us about Glacier National Park’s geologic history. As of 2005, Glacier National Park has 27 glaciers by definition.

The Park is filled with horns, cirques, arêtes, hanging valleys, and moraines; landforms given special names because they were produced by the action of glaciers. A horn is a steep mountain peak caused by several glaciers carving different sides of the same mountain. Mt. Reynolds at Logan Pass is a good example of a horn. A cirque is a large bowl formed at the head of a glacier. Often as the ice melts away a small lake will form in the depression gouged by the glacier. Avalanche, Iceberg, and Gunsight are all excellent examples of cirque lakes. An arête (French for fish-bone) forms when two glaciers work on opposite sides of the same wall, leaving a long narrow ridge. One of Glacier National Parks more prominent features, the Garden Wall, is an arête separating the Lake McDonald Valley from the Many Glacier Valley.

Hanging Valleys are found throughout the park. As large glaciers scoured the main valleys, tributary glaciers worked the smaller side canyons. Unable to cut as deep as the valley glaciers, they left behind small valleys high up on the mountainsides. Frequently hanging valleys have waterfalls cascading out of their mouths into the valleys below. Birdwoman Falls, seen from the Going-to-the-Sun Road, plummets from a hanging valley on Mt. Oberlin. Moraines form at the sides and front of a glacier. In a glacier there is always a flow of ice from the head to the toe. This conveyor belt like flow brings with it the rock and debris trapped in the ice. As it reaches the sides or front and the ice melts, this trapped material is released forming large piles. These piles of glacially transported material are called moraines. Moraines from the present glaciers are visible as mounds of rock and gravel along the sides and front of the ice. Plants soon colonize this new soil. Forests and meadows cover many ancient moraines making them harder to spot.

Recent archaeological surveys have found evidence of human use dating back over 10,000 years. These people may have been the ancestors of tribes that live in the area today. By the time the first European explorers came to this region, several different tribes inhabited the area. The Blackfeet Indians controlled the vast prairies east of the mountains. The Salish and Kootenai Indians lived and hunted in the western valleys. They also traveled east of the mountains to hunt buffalo. In the early 1800’s, French, English, and Spanish trappers came in search of beaver. In 1806, the Lewis and Clark Expedition came within 50 miles of the area that is now the park. As the number of people moving west steadily increased, the Blackfeet, Salish, and Kootenai were forced onto reservations. The Blackfeet Reservation adjoins the east side of the park. The Salish and Kootenai reservation is southwest of Glacier. This entire area holds great spiritual importance to the Blackfeet, Salish, and Kootenai people.

The railroad over Marias Pass was completed in 1891. The completion of the Great Northern Railway allowed more people to enter the area. Homesteaders settled in the valleys west of Marias Pass and soon small towns developed. Under pressure from miners, the mountains east of the Continental Divide were acquired in 1895 from the Blackfeet. Miners came searching for copper and gold. They hoped to strike it rich, but no large copper or gold deposits were ever located. Although the mining boom lasted only a few years, abandoned mine shafts are still found in several places in the park.

After the creation of the park, the growing staff of park rangers needed housing and offices to help protect the new park. The increasing number of park visitors made the need for roads, trails, and hotels urgent. The lack of roads meant that, to see the interior of the park, visitors had to hike or ride a horse. Eventually, the demand for a road across the mountains led to the building of the Going-to-the-Sun Road. The construction of the Going-to-the-Sun Road was a huge undertaking. Even today, visitors to the park marvel at how such a road could have been built. The final section of the Going-to-the-Sun Road, over Logan Pass, was completed in 1932 after 11 years of work. The road is considered an engineering feat and is a National Historic Landmark. It is one of the most scenic roads in North America. The construction of the road forever changed the way visitors would experience Glacier National Park. Future visitors would drive over sections of the park that previously had taken days of horseback riding to see. Just across the border, in Canada, is Waterton Lakes National Park. In 1931, members of the Rotary Clubs of Alberta and Montana suggested joining the two parks as a symbol of the peace and friendship between our two countries. In 1932, the United States and Canadian governments voted to designate the parks as Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, the world’s first. More recently the parks have received two other international honors. The parks are both Biosphere Reserves, and were named as a World Heritage Site in 1995. This international recognition highlights the importance of this area, not just to the United States and Canada, but to the entire world.

Glacier is part of the Northwest Montana Avalanche Warning System, which provides a weekly assessment of local avalanche conditions. Forecasts are updated each Friday morning during the avalanche season, and broadcast by local radio stations. Information can also be obtained by calling 257-8402 or 1-800-526-5329. About 80% of avalanches occur during and immediately after storms. Avalanche activity increases with a foot or more of new snow, snowfall of one inch or more per hour, sustained winds over 15 miles per hour, changing temperatures, and during spring warming.

Over half of the visitors to Glacier National Park report taking a hike. That’s a lot of hikers, but over 700 miles of trail provide many outstanding opportunities for both short hikes and extended backpacking trips. Hikers need to assume individual responsibility for planning their trips and hiking safely. Before setting out on your hike, stop by a park visitor center to obtain needed warnings and recommendations. You will increase your odds of a safe hike, decrease your disturbance to park wildlife, and lessen cumulative damage to resources. Visitor center bookstores carry a complete line of trail guides, topographic maps and field guides to aid the hiker.

You will find little evidence of human impacts or development in Glacier’s pristine, off-trail areas. These vast areas offer greater solitude and challenge, but are extremely rugged, with greater inherent risks and infrequent ranger patrols. While off-trail hiking may be permissible, it is recommended only for the very experienced, skilled backcountry travelers. Glacier’s backcountry has grown in popularity over the years, resulting in cumulative impacts upon the park’s sensitive natural resources. High levels of backcountry use are typically concentrated in July and August, heightening the need for stewardship and sound backcountry management practices. Allow plenty of time for your trip and make sure you have everything you need before you set out. Help to minimize impacts on fragile soils and plants by staying on the trails and in single file. Please camp only in designated areas.

Five self-guided walks interpret trailside features with brochures and signs. The Trail of the Cedars, Huckleberry Mountain, Hidden Lake, Sun Point, and Swiftcurrent Nature Trails encourage hikers to experience Glacier National Park at their own pace. The Trail of the Cedars is wheelchair accessible. Good day hikes are plentiful. Visitor center staff will be happy to assist you with your choices and provide free maps of popular trails in the park. Hikers planning to camp overnight in Glacier’s backcountry must stop at a visitor center or ranger station and obtain a backcountry permit.

There are several day hikes available from the different campgrounds. The following trails are located near Apgar, Avalanche, Fish Creek and Sprague Creek campgrounds. Avalanche Lake is 2 miles long, climbs 500 feet and is located south of the Avalanche Gorge footbridge on the Trail of the Cedars. Boundary Trail is located at the park headquarters and can be as long as an 15 mile hike to Coal Creek, but is a gentle up and down along the Middle Fork of the Flathead. Fish Lake is 3 miles long with a 1,000 foot climb near the Lake McDonald Lodge. Howe Lake is 2 miles long with a 240 foot climb. John’s Lake Loop Trail is a 3 mile loop trail with a 160 foot climb. McDonald Falls is at the north end of Lake McDonald where you can see the falls from a bridge or a short trail. Mt. Brown Lookout is 5.4 miles long with a 4, 325 foot climb and is found on the Sperry Trailhead. Snyder Lake is 4.4 miles and climbs 2,147 feet, Sperry Chalet is 6.4 miles long and climbs 3,432 feet and Sperry Glacier is 10.4 miles long and climbs 5,032 feet and are all found at the Sperry Trailhead also. Trail of the Cedars is located across from the Avalanche Campground Ranger Station and is a 0.4 mile loop on a level boardwalk. Trout Lake is 4.2 miles long, climbs 2,100 feet and then drops 2,100 feet to the lake.

The following day hikes are located near the Cut Bank and Two Medicine campgrounds. Aster Park Viewpoint, Cobalt Lake, Dawson Pass, No Name Lake, Oldman Lake, Pitamakan Pass, Rockwell Falls, Running Eagle Falls, Scenic Point, Twin Falls, Two Medicine Pass and Upper Two Medicine Lake. The hikes range from .3 mile to 7.9 miles and have climbs ranging from 60 feet to 2,450 feet. These day hikes can be found around Logging Creek and Many Glacier campgrounds: Appekunny Falls, Cracker Lake, Granite Park Chalet, Grinnell Glacier, Grinnell Lake, Iceberg Lake, Poia Lake, Ptarmigan Falls, Ptarmigan Lake, Ptarmigan Tunnel, Red Rock Falls, Swiftcurrent Nature Trail, and Swiftcurrent Pass. They range in length of 1 to 7.3 miles and climbs of mostly level to 2,300 feet. The Rising Sun and St. Mary campgrounds offer the following day hikes. Baring Falls, Beaver Pond Trail, Otokomi Lake, Red Eagle Lake, St. Mary Falls, Siyeh Pass, Sun Point Nature Trail and Virginia Falls. These range from .3 mile to 7.5 miles in length and have climbs between gentle sloops and 1,900 feet.

There is plenty of wildlife to view in the park. Numerous birds make bird watching an enjoyable pastime. Also seen throughout the various parts of the park are black and grizzly bears, moose, elk, mule deer, mountain lion, big horn sheep, mountain goat, white-tailed deer, voles, squirrels, white-tailed jack rabbits, snowshoe hare, pika, river otters, wolves, coyotes, lynx and many others.

The introduction of exotic game fishes was found to be detrimental to Glacier’s native fishes. Predation and competition for space and food adversely affected several native species, and hybridization between indigenous and non-native species of fish also occurred. The native westslope cutthroat trout has been all but eliminated from several lakes, where it was once the dominant species. Today the National Park Service is engaged in fisheries research to determine the extent of damage to native fish populations, and to explore possible means for re-establishing native fishes in some waters where they have been eliminated or replaced by hybrid populations. Paramount importance is attached to the goal of ensuring the future survival of Glacier National Park’s unique native fishes for the benefit and enjoyment of future generations. The primary purpose of Glacier National Park is to preserve natural ecosystems for their aesthetic, educational, cultural and scientific values.

Fishing is permitted when consistent with preservation or restoration of natural aquatic environments, native fishes, and other aquatic life. The general park season is from the third Saturday in May, through November 30, with some exceptions: Waterton Lake season, catch and possession limits are the same as set by Canada, Lower Two Medicine Lake season, catch and possession limits are set by the Blackfeet Nation and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake are open to lake trout (mackinaw) fishing year around.

Glacier National Park offers a variety of boating experiences. Boat launching ramps are available on Bowman and McDonald Lakes on the west side, and St. Mary and Two Medicine Lakes on the east side of the park. Boat rentals are available at Apgar, Lake McDonald Lodge, Rising Sun, Many Glacier, and Two Medicine. Canoes or rafts can be carried to many smaller waters. White water canoeing, kayaking, or rafting can be enjoyed on the Flathead River which forms the south and west boundary of Glacier. The rivers and lakes in this mountainous region are very cold. All water users (boaters, swimmers, and skiers) should be aware of the dangers of hypothermia at any time of the year. Water skiing is permitted only on Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake from sunrise to sunset.

Generally, the trails of Glacier National Park are open to stock (i.e., horses, mules, donkeys, llamas), as well as foot travel. There are a few trails, however, that due to their physical condition or unsuitability, are not available for stock use. They are not allowed off trail. Most of the backcountry campsites are available for stock. Please ask the park for their stock regulations. Certain conditions may cause trails to be closed to stock use. Generally, this is in the early summer, when they still have steep snow banks, before trails have dried out sufficiently, or during extended periods of wet weather. Bear activity may also result in temporary closures at any time. To be certain, check at a visitor center or ranger station. The day use limit shall be no more than 10 animals in a party, except on the trails maintained to handle more stock travel. Backcountry campgrounds have designated capacities for numbers of people and stock that cannot be exceeded. Competition is very keen at some areas for available space from July to mid-August. Stock users are encouraged to plan overnight trips after this period, when trails and campgrounds are less crowded, in better condition for horse travel, and there are fewer insects. When planning an overnight trip in the backcountry using stock, be aware that certain campsites are not available for stock use due to size or resource considerations.

To the casual observer, a remote park like Glacier would seem likely to have excellent air quality. However, there are some areas of concern. At Glacier an extensive monitoring network exists for pollution and visibility conditions. Air quality in Glacier is generally good compared to many parks. Current ozone concentrations and deposition are low enough that resources are probably not affected. Visibility impairment exists but is not as bad as that found in most of the United States.

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental issues facing the National Park Service (NPS). Data collected through the NPS air quality programs show that park service units are not islands isolated from the by-products of an urban, agricultural and industrial society. Manmade and natural air pollutants are transported long distances and have been detected at all NPS monitoring sites. Air pollution is affecting natural and cultural resources throughout much of the park system through visibility reduction, biological and human health effects and degradation of historic structures and artifacts. NPS units that are monitoring air quality, such as Glacier, are serving as key areas for research on air pollution and are yielding valuable baseline data and basic information on the effects of air pollution.

The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1977, provides one of the most important mandates for protecting air resources in NPS areas. Congress states that one of the purposes of the act is “to preserve, protect and enhance the air quality in national parks, national wilderness areas, national monuments, national seashores and other areas of special national or regional natural, recreation, scenic or historic value”.

The National Park Service began air quality monitoring programs in 1979 at various park units throughout the United States. Data from these stations help to delineate the mobility of air masses over large areas. Analysis of data yields information about air pollution transport into parks with monitoring stations as well as adjacent units that may not have any monitoring instrumentation.

Information collected through the NPS air quality monitoring programs has been used in a variety of decision-making arenas. Baseline data have assisted the NPS Air Resource Division in reviewing hundreds of air quality permit applications from major and new and modified industrial facilities whose activities might affect air quality in parks. Information regarding visibility impairment and pollution-caused injury to vegetation in NPS units has been shared with Congress and transmitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and state air quality control agencies to promote the development of national air pollution control programs and standards that will protect park resources.

Glacier’s western valleys generally receive the most rainfall. Daytime temperatures can exceed 90 degrees F. It is frequently 10 to 15 degrees cooler at higher elevations. Strong winds and sunny days predominate on the east side of the park. Overnight lows throughout the park can drop to near 20 degrees F, and snow can fall anytime. In August of 1992, a foot of snow fell on the northeastern corner of Glacier. An average of 39 inches falls in January, the highest month. Prepare for a variety of conditions and pack accordingly. You may start the day in a T-shirt and shorts, and need a parka by evening. Dress in layers. Always bring raingear.

There are several fishing regulations. Daily catch and possession limits will not exceed five (5) fish, including no more than: two (2) cutthroat trout, two (2) burbot (ling), two (2) northern pike, two (2) mountain whitefish, five (5) lake whitefish, five (5) kokanee salmon, five (5) brook trout, five (5) grayling, five (5) rainbow trout, five (5) lake trout (mackinaw). EXCEPTION: Fifteen (15) lake trout (mackinaw) are allowed in Kintla Lake; Lake McDonald and Bowman Lakes have no limit on lake trout. Lake McDonald also has no limit on lake whitefish.
Fishing for bull trout is prohibited and any bull trout incidentally caught must be immediately released. Fish caught in Lower McDonald Creek (from the Quarter Circle Bridge and upstream, extending into Lake McDonald for a radius of 300 feet) must be handled carefully and released immediately to the stream/lake. Only artificial flies or lures with a single hook may be used in Lower McDonald Creek. No fish of any species may be in possession at any time along this stream/lake. Fish caught in Hidden Lake and outlet must be released, except when closed for spawning. Cutthroat trout caught on the North Fork of the Flathead River must be released in accordance with state regulations.

Fishing is allowed by hook and line only. The rod or line must be hand held. The use of artificial lures and flies is strongly recommended. The use of fish or fish parts, including non-preserved fish eggs, of any species is prohibited. No bait, including insects and worms, may be collected inside the park’s boundaries. Do not deposit fish eggs, roe, food, or other substances in waters to attract fish. Fishing with nets, seines, traps, drugs, or explosives is prohibited. Snagging fish in park waters, or from park lands, is prohibited. When cleaning fish, use garbage cans where available for entrails disposal. When cleaning fish in the backcountry, puncture the air bladder, and throw entrails into deep water at least 200 feet from the nearest campsite or trail. Do not bury or burn entrails, as they will attract bears. Consider “catch and release” fishing; otherwise, keep only enough fish for a meal. Be a clean fisherman! Leave nothing behind–except a few footprints.

All motorboats and sailboats 12 feet in length and longer must be registered and numbered according to State of Montana regulations. Hand propelled boats are exempt, and boats from other states or countries may be used temporarily without Montana registration. Keep to the right in channels when safe & practicable. Keep to the right when approaching another boat head-on or nearly so. Boats propelled by a motor shall keep clear of boats propelled by oars, paddles, or sails. Yield right-of-way to vessels on your right side in crossing situations. Yield right-of-way to vessels you overtake or pass. Hand-propelled boats and sailboats are permitted on all park waters, except on a section of Upper McDonald Creek. The section of Upper McDonald Creek between Mineral Creek and Lake McDonald is closed to all types of boating and floating to protect nesting Harlequin ducks. Privately owned motorboats and motor vessels are prohibited from all park waters with the exception of the following:
Motorboats and motor vessels are allowed on McDonald, Sherburne, St. Mary, Two Medicine, and Waterton Lakes (no boat launch ramps exist on Sherburne Lake; only hand carried craft are permitted). Motorboats and motor vessels are allowed on Bowman and Two Medicine Lakes but are limited to ten (10) horsepower or less. A wearable type personal floatation device is needed for each person on board, classified as Type I, II, III, or V. The throwable (Type IV) floatation device, such as a cushion or ring buoy, can no longer be substituted. Children under 12 must wear a personal floatation device. Flame arrestor (USCG approved) must be on each carburetor on inboard gasoline engines. Fire extinguisher(s) (B-1 type) or a fixed fire extinguisher system for all inboard engines and outboards with enclosed fuel compartments are needed. Sound producing device for each motorboat 16 feet and longer. Navigation lights are needed for motorboats and sailboats used between sunset & sunrise.

“Airboats”, “Para-sailing”, or use of personal watercraft on any park waters is prohibited. Also not allowed is operating a vessel in excess of 5 mph within 100 feet of a diver’s marker, downed water skier, or swimmer, discharging toilet wastes into the water, and depositing trash, refuse, or debris of any kind in the water. Reckless or negligent boat handling so as to endanger or be likely to endanger the lives of others is not allowed. Neither is boat handling by any person under the influence of alcohol or drugs or riding the gunwales, transom, nor foredeck while boat is moving faster than 5 mph. Swimming from boat while underway is not allowed. Never leave a boat unattended for more than 24 hours without specific authority from the superintendent or his duly authorized representative. Any accident resulting in death, personal injury, or property damage shall be reported (by each boat operator involved) to a park ranger as soon as possible, and no later than 24 hours after the incident. Boaters should render assistance to all persons needing help. Give in writing the name and address of the boat operator and the identification of the boat to any injured person or to the owner of any property damaged.

Boating may be restricted in certain areas for safety or to protect sensitive wildlife habitat. Marker buoys and/or signing will be placed to designate the closures. To provide for the safety of the general public using beaches for swimming and other similar activities, the segments of the south shoreline of Lake McDonald are closed to the beaching of any motorized watercraft; and, motorized watercraft are prohibited within an area extending into the water 300 feet perpendicular to the shoreline.

Undesignated camping is not allowed on lakes or lakeshores. A Backcountry Use Permit is required for all designated backcountry campsites. Permits are issued for periods of up to 6 nights and may be obtained at visitor centers and major ranger stations. A special permit is need for doing anything on the Blackfeet Reservation. Backcountry camping regulations require that food, cooking utensils, and food containers be suspended from the designated food hanging device at all times, except mealtimes. If needed, when not in a designated campground, suspend food and cooking utensils at least 10 feet above the ground and 4 feet from any tree trunk. In the absence of trees, store food and cooking gear in approved bear resistant food containers. Never leave food unattended. Fires are allowed in designated fire pits only. Use the Leave-No-Trace principles. A good backpacking checklist is: tent with rainfly, sleeping bag and mat, camp stove, fuel, matches, fire starter, food, water or water filtering system, first aid kit, extra medications, cooking utensils, flashlight with extra batteries and bulb, compass, topographical map, GPS unit, signal mirror or whistle, repair kit, good hiking boots, backpack, sunglasses, sunscreen, hat, insect repellent, 2 quart water bottle, collapsible water container, garbage bags to pack out what you pack in, 25 feet of rope to hang food and garbage if not using the bear-proof containers, trowel to bury human waste in a 6-8 inch “cat hole”, and a small mesh strainer to strain food particles from gray water.

Cyclists must observe all traffic regulations. Keep well to the right side of the road and ride in single file only. Pull off the road if four or more vehicles stack up behind you. In fog or after dark a white light in front and a red reflector on the rear of your bicycle are required. Be visible! Helmets are strongly advised. Attach a bright flag on a pole and wear light-colored clothing. Watch for falling rocks, drainage grates, and ice on road. For safety and to ease congestion, restrictions are in effect on sections of the Going-to-the-Sun Road, from June 15 through Labor Day: From Apgar Campground to Sprague Creek Campground bicycles are prohibited, both directions, between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. From Logan Creek to Logan Pass east-bound (uphill) bicycle traffic is prohibited between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. Start early! It takes about 45 minutes to ride from Sprague Creek to Logan Creek and about three hours from Logan Creek to Logan Pass. Bicycle rentals are not available inside the park.

The proper use of Glacier’s backcountry will prevent damage to the natural resources, maintain the aesthetic quality of the area, and avoid conflicts with other users. Please comply with the following regulations, guidelines and Leave No Trace techniques. Grazing of stock is not permitted. Stock users need to pack supplementary feed such as grain or pellets. Feed must be hung out of reach of bears using the established food hanging device or an NPS approved bear-resistant feed container (available to checkout at permit stations). Transporting hay into or through Glacier is prohibited, except on the portion of U.S. Highway 2 which passes through the park. Due to problems with noxious weeds, feeding hay at trailheads or backcountry campgrounds is prohibited. When not being used, pack and saddle stock must be tethered. Horses, llamas or mules that are nervous “diggers” or “pawers” should be hobbled when tied to prevent unnecessary damage to the terrain. Please tie at least 200′ from streams or lakes. Always use hitch-racks where provided. Where there are no hitch racks, tie a rope between two trees, “a highline” away from the trail and hitch the stock to the rope. This avoids damage to the tree and trampling around the root system. Stock are not permitted in the camping areas of campgrounds. Load & unload at the hitch rails provided. Loose herding or trailing is prohibited. Hikers are required to stand quietly on the lower side of the trail and yield the right-of-way to stock. Many hikers do not know and understand the need for this procedure, so stock users are encouraged to courteously coach them on proper meeting procedures. Please stay on established trails. Cross-country riding or riding on paved roads is not permitted. Scatter manure after camping or stopping for long periods and smooth out any ruts or holes. Stock is not permitted in auto campgrounds.

For skiers, take into account your skiing ability, and check with rangers for local weather and snow conditions. Severe weather, lack of snow, winter rains, or melting conditions can quickly alter the difficulty of any winter trip. Ice is common on roads and on heavily skied trails. Plan to break trail on less popular routes. The Middle and North Forks of the Flathead River present major barriers to travel on the west side of the park. Skiing on frozen lakes is dangerous and not recommended. Skiers, snowshoers, and hikers are asked to maintain separate tracks. As winter snows start to melt, emerging vegetation is revealed. Please stay off these fragile areas. Spring skiing opportunities remain at Granite Park, Many Glacier, and Logan Pass, but remember, warming conditions greatly increase avalanche activity. Most ski routes are not marked. Pay attention to descriptions and local landmarks. A topographic map will help. Arduous cross park trips contain extreme avalanche and terrain hazards and should be attempted only by experienced and well equipped parties.

Avalanches are a major danger and potential killer to winter backcountry travelers. An understanding of avalanche conditions is the skier’s best defense. Watch the signs of previous activity. These include old avalanche paths, downed trees, recent slides, and clumps of snow. Choose the safest route. Stay off cornices, steep to moderate open slopes, and stay out of gullies. If you must travel on a dangerous slope, go straight up or down; never traverse back and forth. Learn to recognize dangerous weather conditions. Carry rescue equipment including rescue shovels, ski probe poles, and transceivers. If you must cross a steep slope, cross one at a time, loosen all pack straps, remove ski pole straps, fasten all layers of clothing, and put on a hat and gloves. If caught in an avalanche, discard all equipment and make swimming motions toward the surface. As the sole survivor, do not go for help unless it is only a few minutes away. After 30 minutes, the buried victim has only a 50% chance of surviving. Mark the place where the victim was last seen, search directly down slope from this point for clues, and begin to probe immediately at the most likely location. Use probes, ski poles, skis, or anything available. With more than one survivor, send for help while the rest search.

Winter backcountry travel increases the risk of hypothermia and frostbite. Hypothermia, the “progressive physical collapse and reduced mental capacity resulting from the chilling of the inner core of the body”, is the primary killer of outdoor enthusiasts. Drink liquids, stay dry, carry survival equipment, and wear layers of warm clothing, and snack frequently. Be alert to symptoms of drowsiness and confusion. Once hypothermia sets in, external sources of warmth are necessary to revive the victim. Frostbite can occur on the ears, fingers, toes, face, or any exposed skin.

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Consider yourself lucky to see a black or grizzly bear. But remember…the wilderness is their home. Please be a well-mannered guest. Bears are usually shy; however, make no attempt to approach or startle them. They have been known to attack without warning. When hiking make some noise to alert them of your presence. Never offer food to bears and never get between a sow and cub. As bears have an excellent sense of smell, it is important to avoid the use of odorous food. See the Wildlife Precautions page.

Remember, survival during the long winter is difficult for Glacier’s wildlife. Human contact adds unnecessary stress. Avoid approaching or startling any animals or birds. All park animals are wild and should never be fed. Bears, asleep for most of the winter, sometimes awaken for short periods of time. As always in bear country, exercise extreme caution, especially with food and garbage. If approached by a mountain lion, act aggressively. Do not run! Lions may be scared away by being struck with rocks or sticks, or by being kicked or hit.

The entrance fee for all persons traveling in a single private, non-commercial vehicle (car/truck/van) is $15.00 December 1, 2006 – April 30, 2007 (winter rate) and $ 25.00 May 1, 2006 – November 30, 2006 (regular season rate). The 7 day single entry fee per person for a visitor traveling on foot, bicycle, motorcycle, or for individuals traveling together in a vehicle as a non-commercial, organized group is $ 10.00 December 1, 2006 – April 30, 2007 (winter rate) and $12.00 May 1, 2006 – November 30, 2006 (regular season rate). This applies to all individuals 16 and over. Single Vehicle Pass starting May 1, 2007 is $25.00/7 days. Single Person Entry starting May 1, 2007 is $12.00 By foot, bicycle, or motorcycle for 7 days.

The Glacier National Park Annual Pass is $35.00 and is valid for one year from month of purchase. It admits the purchaser and passengers in a single, private, non-commercial vehicle, or the pass holder and his/her immediate family (spouse, children, parents) when entry is by other means (foot, bicycle). It is non transferable, nonrefundable and does not cover camping fees.

Backcountry Permit fees are $4.00 per person per night (June 1 through September 30). The fee for ages 9-16 is $2.00. There is no fee for campers aged 8 and under. An additional fee of $20 will be charged for confirmed advance reservations for June 15 through October 31. The individual campground fees are between $15-17per night. Advance Backcountry reservations requests can be made by fax 406-888-5819 or U.S. Mail begining April 1, 2007. Fees for for making the advance reservations are $30.00 and for 16 and older $5.00 per person per night for 8-15 $3.00 per person per night for 7 and under are free.

Glacier has 13 campgrounds with approximately 1000 sites. Fish Creek and St. Mary Campgrounds may be reserved in advance. All others are first come/first served. Reservations can be made online or by phone at 1-800-365-CAMP. A limited number of sites at Apgar, Fish Creek, Sprague Creek, Avalanche, Many Glacier, Rising Sun, Two Medicine, and St. Mary campgrounds are held until 9:00 p.m. for bicyclists, pedestrians, and motorcyclists. Sites are shared and have a capacity of 8 people; larger groups must split up. The fee is $4.00 per person. If hiker/biker sites are full, campers must use regular unoccupied campsites. Group sites for 9-24 campers are available at Apgar, Many Glacier, St. Mary, and Two Medicine. Check with a park ranger or campground host prior to using them. Front country camping fees in Glacier Advance can make reservations at Fish Creek and St Mary Campgrounds. They are $23.00 a night and can be made six months in advance online at www.recreation.gov or by phone 877-444-6777. From April 1 through April 30, 2007 primitive camping is $10.00 per night. From April 1 through April 30, 2007 primitive camping is $10.00 per night. Beginning May 1, 2007 Class A camping fee will be $20 per night (campgrounds with flush toilets) Class B will be $15 night (campgrounds with pit toilets) Group camping is a $50 flat fee for the first 9 campers then $5 per person over that up to site limit if 24.

Keep a clean camp to prevent attracting wildlife. Violators will be fined $50 or have their improperly stored items confiscated. Do not burn trash in fires. Secure your valuables out of site. Quiet hours are from 10PM to 6AM. Generators are allowed between the hours of 7AM to 9AM, 12 Noon to 2PM, and 5PM to 7PM. Pets must be on a leash not longer than six feet and are not permitted along streams, shores, rivers or trails. Pets must not be left unattended and all pet waste must be picked up and deposited in a trash receptacle. Only dead and downed wood is allowed for firewood and only from certain areas. Please check with the park when you arrive. It is prohibited to use campground faucets to wash dishes, clothing, and clean fish, prepare food or to bathe. All wastewater must be contained and disposed of in the utility sinks or at a dump station. Do not leave wastewater unattended.

Apgar campground is the largest campground in Glacier National Park. It is near Apgar Village, where you will find the Apgar visitor center, gift shops, a camp store, and a casual restaurant. Horseback ride reservations, boat rentals, a shuttle service, and bus tour reservations are also located in Apgar Village. There is a new free shuttle service which will start July 1, 2007. The campground itself is situated in trees and provides tent and RV campers with shade and some privacy. Potable water is accessible in the campground, and restroom facilities provide flush toilets and sinks with running water. Evening sunsets on Lake McDonald are only a short stroll from the campground, and you won’t want to miss evening programs at the Apgar Amphitheater with a ranger. Please see our ranger guided activity schedule for more information. For those interested in day hiking, many trails are located within a short drive of the campground.

Avalanche campground is located in one of the most popular sections of Glacier National Park west of the Continental Divide. The campground is situated within old growth cedar and hemlock trees, keeping the area cool during the summer months. The campground accommodates tent and RV campers, however only 50 sites will accommodate vehicle lengths up to 26 feet. Potable water is accessible in the campground, and restroom facilities are equipped with flush toilets and sinks with running water. Bring your hiking boots and binoculars if you are staying at Avalanche Campground. Two popular day hikes, Trail of the Cedars, and Avalanche Lake, afford visitors spectacular scenery and glimpses of birds and wildlife that inhabit the area. Plant enthusiasts will appreciate the diverse species of flora. Be sure to check out many of the evening programs with a ranger at the Avalanche Amphitheater, just a short stroll from the campground. Sites are on a first-come, first-serve basis.

Bowman Lake campground is located in the North Fork area of Glacier approximately 32.5 miles from the west entrance, and 30 miles from the Canadian border. The drive to Bowman Lake is a very slow, dusty, and bumpy ride on dirt roads, and passes through the tiny community of Polebridge and sections of the park that notably burned in 1988. Mountains tower over pristine Bowman Lake. The campground is located close to the shore and camp sites are within trees for shade and some privacy. Tent campers looking for peace and quiet will enjoy Bowman Lake for its serenity and remote location. Be sure to pack bug repellent or head nets though, as mosquitoes often take residence at Bowman Lake. Potable water is available through water spigots in the campground, and there are pit toilets nearby. A picnic area provides day use visitors with the opportunity to enjoy a peaceful lunch, and there are day hiking opportunities near Bowman Lake for hikers eager to experience Glacier’s wilderness. Fisherman, canoers, and kayakers will enjoy the recreational opportunities Bowman Lake offers. Motorized vessels are allowed on Bowman Lake, but are limited to 10 horsepower or less. Limited amenities can be found in Polebridge. RVs and truck and trailer combinations are not recommended at Bowman Lake due to the nature of the long, narrow, and windy dirt road to the campground. Turning vehicles around (3-point turns) is difficult. Sites are on a first-come, first-serve basis.

The Cut Bank campground is located on the east side of Glacier and provides a sense of peace and quiet that may not be found in larger campgrounds within the park. The campground is accessed by a 5 mile dirt road off of highway 89. The Campground is located among trees, providing shade and privacy for tent campers. RVs are not recommended due to the nature of the road and campground layout. A water pump is available for potable water, and pit toilets are located nearby. Trailheads are also near the campground for day hiking use or extended trips into the backcountry. Shuttle service can be found off of highway 89 at the beginning of the dirt road that leads to the campground. Day hiking opportunities are available at Cut Bank and offer spectacular views into Glacier’s interior. Cut Bank offers campers the opportunity to enjoy a primitive camping experience with serenity and solitude. Sites are on a first-come, first-serve basis.

Fish Creek campground is located just off the Camas Road approximately 2.5 miles from Apgar Village on the west side of Glacier National Park. It is the second largest campground in the park. Sites within the campground are surrounded by trees and provide shade and some privacy to both tent and RV campers. Some sites, though not directly on the shore of Lake McDonald, offer filtered views of the lake. Potable water is accessible in the campground, and restroom facilities provide flush toilets and sinks with running water. A park ranger hosts nightly evening programs at the Fish Creek Amphitheater, speaking on a variety of subjects about Glacier. Please see our ranger guided activity schedule for more information. Fish Creek serves as a central location to many day hikes in the area, including the Rocky Point trail, where you have the opportunity to hike through a burn area from the Robert Fire of 2003. Take advantage of morning and evening drives along the Camas Road where there is a good chance of seeing wildlife. Sites are on a first-come, first-serve basis, though advance reservations for Fish Creek may be made.

Kintla Lake campground is Glacier National Park’s most remote front-country and car camping campground. It is located in the upper most northwest section of the park known as the North Fork, approximately 40 miles from the west entrance and the Canadian border. Though the drive is very slow and bumpy on dirt roads, the scenery along the way is spectacular. Part of the drive takes you through the tiny community of Polebridge, and sections of the park that notably burned in 1988 and 2003. Due to its remote location, the campground is very quiet and is very rarely filled, offering tent campers a sense of solitude. The campground sits on Kintla Lake and is surrounded by trees, providing shade, cover, and filtered views of the lake and the mountains that circle it. A hand pump is available for potable water, and pit toilets are located in the campground as well. For those who canoe and kayak, Kintla Lake is a paddlers paradise; no motorcraft is allowed. Fisherman will also enjoy Kintla Lake for the trout found in it. And if you like to hike, don’t forget to pack your boots, as day hikes and extended trips into the backcountry can be found near the campground. It isn’t uncommon to hear the memorable howls of wolves at night. Limited amenities can be found in Polebridge. RVs and truck and trailer combinations are not recommended at Kintla Lake due to the nature of the long, narrow, and windy dirt road to the campground. Sites are on a first-come, first-serve basis.Logging Creek campground is located on the west side of the park and is accessed by the Inside North Fork Road, a rough, dusty, dirt road with many blind curves and few pullouts. The maximum speed is 20 mph, so the drive can be long if traveling from the Fish Creek area; less, if traveling from Polebridge. Tent campers will enjoy a true wilderness experience at the campground. This small campground is located within trees and views are limited, though a 6.2 mile (one way) day hike to Logging Lake will provide great views. The campground is equipped with pit toilets and a hand pump for potable water. Limited amenities can be found in Polebridge. RVs and truck and trailer combinations are not recommended at Logging Creek due to the nature of the long, narrow, and windy dirt road to the campground. Sites are on a first-come, first-serve basis.

The campground at Many Glacier is one of the most popular campgrounds in Glacier National Park. Camp sites are on a first- come, first- serve basis, and due to the popularity of this campground, it is suggested you arrive early. The campground is situated within trees for tent and RV camping, though there are only 13 sites that can accommodate vehicle lengths up to 35 feet in length. Potable water is accessible in the campground, and restroom facilities are equipped with flush toilets and sinks with running water. Be sure to join a ranger for nightly evening programs. Please see our ranger guided activity schedule for more information. Bring your binoculars, as there are opportunities to view wildlife like bighorn sheep and bears. Many Glacier also provides access to some of the best day hikes in the park, including a hike to one of the park’s largest glaciers, so don’t forget your hiking boots. There are token operated showers nearby as well as many tour and dining options.

Quartz Creek campground is Glacier National Park’s smallest campground and is considered to be primitive. It is located on the west side of the park and is accessed by the Inside North Fork Road, a rough, dusty, dirt road with many blind curves and few pullouts. The maximum speed is 20 mph, so the drive can be long if traveling from the Fish Creek area; less, if traveling from Polebridge. Tent campers will enjoy a true wilderness experience at the campground. This small campground is located within trees and views are limited, though a 6.2 mile (one way) day hike to Lower Quartz Lake will provide great views. The campground is equipped with pit toilets and a hand pump for potable water. Limited amenities can be found in Polebridge. RVs and truck and trailer combinations are not recommended at Quartz Creek due to the nature of the long, narrow, and windy dirt road to the campground. Sites are on a first-come, first-serve basis.

Rising Sun campground is located where, “the mountains meet the prairies”, just west of St. Mary and halfway along St. Mary Lake. Campers at Rising Sun will enjoy beautiful sunrises in the morning with Red Eagle Mountain as a backdrop, and the campground serves as a convenient base camp to many day hikes located east of Logan Pass. Some sites are open, allowing for cool breezes throughout the day, while others are located among trees, accommodating those seeking some shade and privacy. Potable water is accessible in the campground, and restroom facilities are equipped with flush toilets and sinks with running water. Be sure to join a ranger for nightly evening programs. Please see our ranger guided activity schedule for more information. Adjacent to the campground is a camp store, a casual restaurant, and token operated showers (1 shower stall for men, and 1 shower stall for women). Boat tours on St. Mary Lake are located near Rising Sun, and shuttle service is available at this location. Sites are on a first-come, first-serve basis.

Sprague Creek is a small campground located on the northeast shore of Lake McDonald, about 9 miles from the west entrance of the park. Camp sites are on a first-come, first-serve basis, and due to the size of this campground, it is suggested you arrive early. The campground is located within trees, providing shade during warm summers. Some sites near the shore, have unobstructed views of Lake McDonald. Due to its location along the Going-to-the-Sun Road, the campground is not as quiet as other locations in the park, and vehicles can be heard driving by. Tent campers however, will enjoy this campground as no towed units are allowed in Sprague Creek due to the nature of the road within the campground. Potable water is accessible in the campground, and restroom facilities provide flush toilets and sinks with running water. A picnic area is also located within the campground. Amenities such as a camp store, restaurant, gift shop, tour buses, boat tours, and horse rides can be found at the historic Lake McDonald Lodge, about a mile away from the campground. Evening programs with a ranger are also located at Lake McDonald Lodge.

St. Mary campground is the largest campground on the east side of Glacier National Park, and is conveniently located approximately one half mile from the St. Mary visitor center. Activities such as interpretive programs, book sales, shuttle service, and bus tours are located at the visitor center. Though shade may be sparse, aspen trees grace St. Mary campground with soothing sounds from spring and summer breezes, and colorful splashes of yellow late in the season. Views of Singleshot, East Flattop, and Red Eagle Mountains compliment the landscape. Potable water is accessible in the campground, and restroom facilities provide flush toilets and sinks with running water. Sites are on a first-come, first-serve basis, though advance reservations for St. Mary may be made.

Before the Going-to-the-Sun Road opened for vehicle traffic, Two Medicine was an extremely popular destination for visitors. Still holding its majestic beauty, Two Medicine is now a quiet and peaceful location in Glacier National Park, located approximately 13 miles from East Glacier. Sites are on a first-come, first-serve basis. Sites within the campground at Two Medicine are generally shaded by trees, and offer some privacy from other campers. 13 sites up to 32 feet offer RV campers the opportunity to spend time in Two Medicine. Potable water is accessible in the campground, and restroom facilities are equipped with flush toilets and sinks with running water. Be sure to join a ranger for nightly evening programs at the amphitheater within the campground. Please see our ranger guided activity schedule for more information. Located on the shore of Two Medicine Lake stands what used to be the Two Medicine Chalet built by the Great Northern Railway. It now serves as a camp store and gift shop, and is a registered historic landmark. Shuttle service, boat tours, and bus tours can be found at Two Medicine. There are numerous day hiking opportunities available, including a handicap accessible trail to Running Eagle Falls. Wildlife enthusiasts will want to have their binoculars handy in Two Medicine.

Big Hole National Battlefield, Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site, Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, Nez Perce National Historical Park, Yellowstone National Park, Kootenai National Forest, Flathead National Forest, Flathead Lake, Lewis and Clark National Forest, Helena National Forest, Lolo National Forest, Blackfeet Indian Reservation and Flathead Indian Reservation are all nearby and provide ample vacation options.

The closest airports are Glacier Park International Airport in Kalispell, Montana (25 miles from West Glacier) and in Great Falls, Montana (200 miles from West Glacier). Car rentals are available at both airports. Shuttles are available at the Kalispell airport.

Vehicles longer than 21 feet or wider than 8 feet (including mirrors) are prohibited on the steepest sections of the Going-to-the-Sun Road.

Public transportation options are limited. Shuttles from airports and train stations provide some service to visitors to the park.

Approximate Mileage from the following major cities to Glacier National Park:

By Car:

Missoula, MT – 202.70 miles

Helena, MT – 274.52 miles

Great Falls, MT – 189.45 miles

Kalispell, MT – 97.37 miles

Lethbridge AB, CA – 80.80 miles

Longview AB,CA – 154.88 miles

By Plane:

Glacier Park International Airport – 88.29 miles

Backcountry Reservations, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, MT 59936
Glacier National Park, Park Headquarters, PO Box 128, West Glacier, MT 59936
Visitor Information (406) 888-7800
Telecommunication Device for the Deaf (TDD) (406) 888-7806
By Fax (406)-888-7808

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